Human health


Animal-sourced foods are a natural part of the human evolutionary diet, providing essential nutrients that are difficult to obtain solely from plants and already limited in global populations. Nutritionally, there is no compelling reason to exclude them from our diets. For those choosing to do so anyway, on ethical or environmental grounds, it is important to recognize that the robustness of restrictive diets depends on adequate knowledge, resources, and careful supplementation. While omnivorous diets can also be poorly formulated, excluding some of the most nutrient-rich foods available would hinder efforts to nourish the world. Furthermore, plant-based diets may not suit everyone, posing severe risks to groups with elevated needs, such as children, pregnant and lactating women, older adults, and individuals with specific metabolic conditions.

DISCLAIMER: this section is for informational purposes; for medical advice consult a professional.

What are the nourishing benefits of animal-sourced foods?

1- The human species-adapted diet contains red meat and animal fat

1- The human species-adapted diet contains red meat and animal fat

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2- (Micro)nutrients are not always easily sourced from plants only

2- (Micro)nutrients are not always easily sourced from plants only

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3- Animal-sourced foods make it easier to meet protein targets

3- Animal-sourced foods make it easier to meet protein targets

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4- Animal-sourced foods benefit people with elevated needs

4- Animal-sourced foods benefit people with elevated needs

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5- Restricting animal-sourced foods puts the young at risk

5- Restricting animal-sourced foods puts the young at risk

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6- Meat and other animal-sourced foods protect mental health

6- Meat and other animal-sourced foods protect mental health

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Why is the evidence for restriction or avoidance insufficient?

1- Scientific consensus on harmfulness cannot be claimed

1- Scientific consensus on harmfulness cannot be claimed

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2- Observational studies have yielded mixed and inconclusive results

2- Observational studies have yielded mixed and inconclusive results

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3- The Blue Zone argument for plant-based diets is flawed

3- The Blue Zone argument for plant-based diets is flawed

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4- Intervention studies do not suggest metabolic harm on aggregate

4- Intervention studies do not suggest metabolic harm on aggregate

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5- Proposed biochemical mechanisms for harm are contextual

5- Proposed biochemical mechanisms for harm are contextual

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6- The role of cholesterol and saturated fat has been overstated

6- The role of cholesterol and saturated fat has been overstated

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Why will animal-sourced foods still have a place in future diets?

1- The dietary guidelines in their current shape will keep on failing us

1- The dietary guidelines in their current shape will keep on failing us

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 2- Addressing ultra-processed diets has become a top priority

2- Addressing ultra-processed diets has become a top priority

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3- A renewed focus on adequate essential nutrition is needed

3- A renewed focus on adequate essential nutrition is needed

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